Harmonograph, by the journalist Anthony Ashton, explains musical intervals through the Victorian drawing machine of its title, in which swinging pendulums move a pen and the paper, and it describes how to build one. Two pendulums swinging at right angles draw Lissajous figures. Ben Laposky, who began making his oscillons on an oscilloscope in 1950, said he started that work while experimenting with harmonograph tracing machines and pendulum pattern makers.
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